THE WAR IN EUROPE
What really happened?
Origins
I. THE INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM
1. Britain's emergence 2. Emulation 3. Expansion 4. The scramble for territory
5. Imperialism and decay
6. The breakdown in the world system
7. The First World War and The twenty-years crisis
II. THE SUBJECTIVE FACTOR
1. Labour 2.
Labour's challenge 3.
Labour in the First World War 4.
Labour's resistance in the First World War
5. Russian Revolution
6. European revolution
7. The German compromise
III. THE REACTION
1. Prehistory of the reaction
2. Reaction begins in Russia
3. De-mobbed soldiers made up the human material
of the reaction 4.
The 'Great Red Scare' 5.
Splitting the movement 6.
Reaction in the USSR 7. Middle Classes mobilised
8. Hitler's ascendancy
9. Europe of the dictatorships
10. Anti-Semitism
11. Militarisation of labour
12. Caesarism and the suspension of legal norms
IV. THE BALANCE OF CLASS FORCES AT THE OPENING OF THE WAR
A. THE WORKING CLASS
1. The Communist Parties 2. Socialists
3. Working class in the dictatorships
4. The Soviet Union
B. THE RULING CLASSES
1. Unbalanced world 2. Germany's gambit
3. The British ruling class
4. The occupied powers
5. The Italian end of the axis
6. America, the 'arsenal of democracy'
V. THE FIRST STAGE OF THE WAR 1939-1943
1. The phoney war
2 Allied war production
3. The desert war
4. Roosevelt and DeGaulle
5. Initial resistance in Northern Europe
6. Russia enters the war
7. The People's War
8. Aerial bombardment
VI. THE AXIS BREAKS, 1943
1. Descent into barbarism 2. Limits of military rule
3. Il Duce's Collapse
VII. PARTISAN WARFARE
1. The allies' conservative influence
2. Italy
3. Greece
4. Yugoslavia
5. The Red Army
6. Poland
VIII. THE BITTER END
1. Holocaust 2.
'Overpaid, oversexed, and over here' 3.
Liberation 4.
Restoring the nation-state 5.
Restoring the Empires 6.
War Guilt 7.
The dead 8.
Occupying Germany 9.
Denazification 10. Spheres of Influence
IX. ASSESSMENT
Bibliography
James Heartfield's home
page